Baptism is one of the most significant obligatory sacraments in the Christian religion, through which one becomes fully Christian. Also known as enlightenment, it is rich in symbolism. Immersion of the body in water symbolizes the death of the Lord, while emergence symbolizes the resurrection. The tall candles by the font represent the “light of the Spirit”, and the white garment worn by the newly baptized symbolizes the innocence and purity of the soul.

Before Christianity became predominant those who embraced the new religion were baptized as adults in natural sources of water, such as lakes, rivers or the sea.  But eventually the high infant mortality rate in Byzantine times led to baptism being carried out in infancy or early childhood. From the 3^rd century onwards the sacrament was performed in a purpose-built area of the church, the baptistry , later replaced by the fonts in use today. Baptisms were performed by priests in the largest churches in each town, known as “catholic” (baptismal) churches. Only in the case of emergency baptism could the mystery be performed by deacons, monks or even laymen.

The godfather, who was required to be orthodox and pious, and who essentially became spiritual parent of the newly baptized, would by custom offer the baby gifts that reflected his social and economical status.

During the ritual of baptism the child received its name. Parents preferred to name their children after their grandparents or deceased relatives, although the godfather seems to have had the upper hand in making the final decision. 

Similar traditions were observed at the baptism of princes, which were held either shortly after their birth or forty days thereafter. The baptism was usually performed by the Patriarch in the Church of Αgia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom). The ceremony was followed by a procession from the church to the royal apartments, when money was given to those thronging the streets to celebrate the event.