The monastery of Panagia Mavriotissa
The Church of Panagia Mavriotissa,
catholicon of the monastery of the same name, lies four kilometres to
the southeast of Kastoria, by a stand of ancient plane trees on the shores of
the lake. Tradition has it that the monastery was named after the lakeside village of Mavrovo.
The church was probably built in the 11th
century. It is a single nave timber roofed building ending in a semicircular
stepped conch to the east. On the west side there is a spacious square narthex
or lite. A chapel dedicated to St.
John the Theologian was added to the south wall in the 16th century; it is
decorated with wall paintings dating to 1552, attributed to Eustace Iacobou,
priest and protonotarios (administrative official) of Arta.
Fragments of the frescoes decorating the
church have survived in the sanctuary, on the west wall of the nave, the east
and south walls of the narthex and the outer south wall.
In the sanctuary conch, two pairs
of enthroned Evangelists and the Concelebrating Prelates are depicted below the
enthroned Virgin with angels. The pediment
on the east wall has depictions of the Ascension above the Annunciation,
healers, stylites and Saint Euplous. The crack running across the east wall
reveals that the entire upper section must have collapsed and been restored, at
which time the damaged scenes must have been added to, along with the figure of
a monk at the feet of Our Lady. According to a barely legible inscription, it
was he who saw to the renovations.
The iconographic program on the west wall has
survived in its entirety, showing scenes from the Pentecost in the pediment,
the Washing of the Feet, the Crucifixion and the Betrayal in the next zone, and
the Assumption below. The door pilasters are adorned with depictions of two
monk saints - Alexius, known as the Man of God, and Ioannis Kalyvitis.
The impressive depictions of the Second
Coming on the east and south wall of the lite are from the same period.
Flanking the entrance are depictions of Saints Constantine and Helen, and a
later fresco of the Baptism. Of particular iconographic interest are the
figures of the damned above the Five Saints of Sebaste.
Subjects of particular iconographic
interest include the Concelebrating Prelates in the sanctuary; the depiction of
Fainting Virgin Mary and the grotesque figures of the servant and the soldier at
the Crucifixion; the incident involving Jephonias in the representation of the
Assumption of the Virgin Mary; and the types of punishment at the Second Coming.
Despite earlier views which assigned the wall paintings to the 12th century,
the above scenes indicate that the decoration can be dated to the first decades
of the 13th century. The reconstruction and completion of the
painted decoration in the upper part of the sanctuary, the Baptism in the
narthex, and the external wall paintings date to the second half of the 13th
century.
On the exterior south wall there are
representations of the Root of Jesse, Agios Demetrios and Agios Georgios with
two imperial figures. According to the accompanying inscriptions, the figures
to the right are Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus and another Comnenus dynasty emperor.
He is probably Alexius, who recaptured Kastoria from the Normans with the help of George Palaeologus,
starting from the area around Panagia Mavriotissa. The whole composition can be
dated to after the Battle of Pelagonia, between 1259 and 1264. It a visual
eulogy, designed to connect Michael Palaeologus to the Comnenus family. In the
drum of the old, walled up entrance in the south wall there is a depiction of
the Virgin Mary with the Christ-child reclining, with Saint Peter to the left.
Glossary (8)
catholicon:
the main church
of
a monastery.
As a rule
it
was the most imposing one, located in the center of the courtyard
conch (Sanctuary niche):
Niche
in the eastern end
of a basilica. Semicircular on the inside, with a horseshoe shaped, rectangular or polygonal exterior.
narthex:
oblong reception area
extending
along
the western side
of a basilica. Originally the east portico
of the atrium,
it was later
incorporated into the
church, and served
as a waiting area for catechumens, who were not allowed to
attend the Divine
Liturgy.
lite:
Spacious
narthex
of monastic
churches,
where
the Service of the Lite was
celebrated
chapel:
small
sized church, either
independent, belonging
to a religious foundation, or part of
a larger
church.
In Byzantium chapels were often
used for burials.
wall paintings or murals:
Painted scenes on a wall or ceiling surface.
pediment:
the uppermost triangular architectural structure on the long sides of an ancient temple, used in the facades of churches in Byzantine times. Pediments often have arched windows and surmount ciboria, fountains, porticos and porches.
drum:
hemispherical vault resting on a cylindrical or polygonal drum. Widely used in Christian church architecture.
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Bibliography (15)
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