The monastery of Vlatadon
The Stavropegic Monastery of Vlatadon is
located at the north edge of the historic center of Thessaloniki, near the gate to the citadel
and south of Acropoleos Street.
Though originally consecrated to Christ Pantocrator, it is now dedicated to the
Transfiguration. Erected by Theodore Vlatis, a pupil of Gregorios Palamas,
Archbishop of Thessaloniki (1351-1371), it is the only monastery in Thessaloniki where
worship has continued almost uninterruptedly to the present day.
The catholicon was the prinicipal monastery
building. It is a variation of the cross-in-square church with a peristyle.
The dome is not entirely supported by pillars, as per usual, but rests
on the sanctuary walls and on two pillars on the west side, probably because
the remains of an older building were incorporated into the church.
Only the east side of the exterior retains the form of
a Byzantine church, since later modifications have significantly altered the
other sides. The masonry is clearly visible on the east side, consisting of
three courses of stone alternating with pieces of brick. The octagonal dome is
also made of brick, with brick half columns at the corners and six windows.
During the Ottoman period the peristyle was extended to west and north
and a uniform roof was built, followed by a porch to the south, a propylon to the west and a parapet around the porch and propylon.
Inside the church and the south chapel of Saints
Peter and Paul are frescoes dated to 1360-1380. The iconographic programme
contains the Almighty with hosts of angels and prophets in the dome. Scenes
from the Dodecaorton still survive on the intrados of the arches, as
well as saints – mainly hermits and monks - in two zones on the walls. Military
saints can be seen on the lower parts of the gallery, above which are
representations of Christ’s miracles; scenes showing the Baptism and the Three
Children in the Fiery Furnace still remain intact in the two small conches of
the narthex, as they escaped damage from hammering when new mortar was
applied to the walls. Assistance in dating the wall paintings to between 1360
and 1380 is provided by a depiction in the nave and chapel of Grigorios
Palamas, who died in 1359. The fact that he is shown among known Church theologians
stands as proof of the monastery’s involvement in the Hesychasm movement.
It is worth noting that throughout its history,
including the brief period when it was converted into a mosque under Ottoman
rule, the catholicon suffered significant damage, mainly because the
walls of the older building were poorly incorporated into the catholicon; most
recently it suffered considerable strain during the 1978 earthquakes.
Important information on the building’s historical
development and construction came to light in the course of a comprehensive conservation
and restoration project from 1980 to 1985. Accumulated damage to the catholicon
was treated at the same time.
Glossary (11)
stavropegic monastery:
Monastery that is a direct dependency of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
catholicon:
the main church
of
a monastery.
As a rule
it
was the most imposing one, located in the center of the courtyard
cross-in-square church:
type of church where the central dome is supported by four arches covering the extremities of an equilateral cross. Lateral compartments, covered with small domes or barrel vaults, are formed at the four corners of the cross and thus the church forms a cross inscribed in a square or rectangular area. Externally the sign of the cross is also prominent because of this unique way of covering the roof.
peristyle:
Space surrounding the main body of a church or the core of a centrally-planned building. In domed basilicas this was formed by the side naves and the western part of the church. In later periods peristyles surrounded enclosed cruciform cores. In the Palaeologan period peristyles were built around many of the Middle Byzantine churches in Constantinople, often serving as funerary chapels.
dome:
hemispherical vault resting on a cylindrical or polygonal drum. Widely used in Christian church architecture.
piers or pillars:
supports of square or rectangular cross-section. They are usually freestanding (not attached to a wall), made of built masonry.
porch:
portico formed at the front part of a building, consisting of a colonnade which supported the extension of the roof protecting the entrance.
propylon:
the monumental entrance to sacred enclosures or imperial palaces.
chapel:
small
sized church, either
independent, belonging
to a religious foundation, or part of
a larger
church.
In Byzantium chapels were often
used for burials.
Dodecaorton:
the twelve major celebrations in the Orthodox Church associated with the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary, represented by a corresponding number of painted scenes, which have become the core of the iconographic programme in a church. These are: the Annunciation, the Nativity, the Presentation, the Baptism, the Transfiguration, the Resurrection of Lazarus, the Entry into Jerusalem, the Last Supper, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, the Incredulity of Thomas, the Ascension and Pentecost or the Assumption of Mary.
narthex:
oblong reception area
extending
along
the western side
of a basilica. Originally the east portico
of the atrium,
it was later
incorporated into the
church, and served
as a waiting area for catechumens, who were not allowed to
attend the Divine
Liturgy.
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Bibliography (4)
1. Τούρτα Α., Κουρκουτίδου - Νικολαϊδου Ε., "Περίπατοι στη Βυζαντινή Θεσσαλονίκη", 1997
2. ΜΑΥΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ- ΤΣΙΟΥΜΗ Χ., Μονή Βλατάδων, Thessaloniki, 1987
3. Στόγιογλου Γ., Η εν Θεσσαλονίκη πατριαρχική μονή των Βλατάδων, Thessaloniki, 1971
4. Χατζητρύφωνος Ευαγγελία, Το περίστωο στην υστεροβυζαντινή εκκλησιαστική αρχιτεκτονική, Σχεδιασμός, λειτουργία , Ευρωπαϊκό Κέντρο Βυζαντινών και Μεταβυζαντινών Μνημείων, Thessaloniki, 2004
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